UAE
China has just given itself jurisdiction in UAE over its Emirati critics.
Will the Emirati government defend you?
Jump ahead: What can I do?
On 30 June 2020, the Chinese government forced through a so-called national security law through its Hong Kong puppet government. Among others, its provisions contained vague and broad wordings including "provoking hatred", which is Chinese statespeak for anything that the regime doesn't like.
Art. 29 a person who requests ... or conspires with a foreign country or an institution, organisation or individual ... [in] imposing sanctions or blockage, or engaging in other hostile activities ... or provoking ... hatred ... [against the Hong Kong or Chinese governments].
What's more, Beijing has given itself jurisdiction in UAE, even extending to non-Chinese and non-Hongkongers. That includes Emiratis.
Art. 38 This Law shall apply to offences ... committed ... outside [Hong Kong] by a person who is not a [Hongkonger].
Beijing will request information from the Emirati government.
Art. 43(5) requiring ... foreign country ... to provide information
And the law will be run by some secret Chinese state committee, away from Emirati eyes.
Art. 14 No institution, organisation or individual ... shall interfere with the work of the Committee. Information ... shall not be subject to disclosure. Decisions ... shall not be amenable to judicial review.
Art. 41 When circumstances arise ... all or part of the trial shall be closed to the media and the public
You may download the English full text of the so-called national security law for further research. The text was published by China's state media. The original text is was published by the Hong Kong government.
But that's not Emirati law?
UAE has extradition agreement and legal assistance agreement with China.
Unfortunately this is Emirati law.
The Emirati government may hand you over, along with your data, to China upon request.
Extradition Agreement with China
The following extradition agreement between the Emirati government and the Chinese government was signed in 2002. It is currently In effect.
中華人民共和國和阿拉伯聯合酋長國引渡條約اتفاقية تسليم المجرمين بين دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة وجمهورية الصين الشعبية
Signed on: 2002-05-13
Termination clause: upon 6 months notice
Full text: China
This allows the Emirati government to accept requests from the Chinese government to hand over suspects to China.
Legal Assistance Agreement with China
The following legal assistance agreement between the Emirati government and the Chinese government was signed in 2008. It is currently In effect.
中華人民共和國和阿拉伯聯合酋長國關於刑事司法協助的條約اتفاقية المساعدة القانونية المتبادلة في المسائل الجنائية بين دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة وجمهورية الصين الشعبية
Signed on: 2008-04-03
Termination clause: upon 180 days notice
Full text: China
This allows the Emirati government to accept requests from the Chinese government to hand over information related to a suspected case to China.
Legal Assistance Agreement with China
The following legal assistance agreement between the Emirati government and the Chinese government was signed in 2004. It is currently In effect.
中華人民共和國和阿拉伯聯合酋長國關於民事和商事司法協助的協定اتفاقية بين دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة وجمهورية الصين الشعبية للمساعدة القضائية في المسائل المدنية والتجارية
Signed on: 2004-04-21
Termination clause: upon 6 months notice
Full text: China
This allows the Emirati government to accept requests from the Chinese government to hand over information related to a suspected case to China.
Safeguard clauses?
China has a history of fabricating criminal charges. The infamous "soliciting prostitution" charge is frequently employed on dissidents. Furthermore, Torture is employed by law enforcement officers. Beijing exerts political pressure on foreign governments in extradition matters.
While there are safeguard clauses guarding against abuse and political crimes, it essentially comes down to whether the Emirati government believes in China's case or not. This is, of course, subject to political pressure from China. Even in best case scenario, “unlikely” is insufficient reassurance for Emiratis and Hongkongers alike.
No Emirati should be sacrificed for economic, trade, or other interests with China.
What can I do?
Will you trust the Emirati government to defend your freedoms and rights?
Or will your government sacrifice you for the next trade deal with China?
General public
- Tweet or write to your local politician, scholar, or expert for opinion and policy changes
- Invite media to report on this grave issue
- Form or invite your local concern groups to join in the initiative
- Invite your local politicians, activists, or organizations to sign the global joint Statement
- Use our Extradition risk world map to plan your travels
Politicians, activists, and groups who have joined in previous efforts may be more inclined to help you:
- Chris Patten-led global joint Statement
- our global joint Statement
- the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China (IPAC)
Politicians and legislators
Urgent policy and legislative changes are needed to protect Emiratis from China. No matter how lucrative China deals are, no Emirati may be sacrificed as a bargaining chip. Emirati laws should always defend its people and guarantee freedoms of opinion and expression from undue Chinese influence. There must not be any mechanism for Beijing to implement draconian laws on Emirati land, on any Emirati citizen.
- Declare both China and Hong Kong governments to be violating "One Country, Two Systems" and international obligations. This was the foundation upon which UAE builds its relationship with Hong Kong, separately from China; but the so-called national security law was passed by China legislature and promulgated by Hong Kong. Ref: acts by the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada, Australia, along with other international actors.
- Terminate or suspend the extradition agreement and the legal assistance agreement.
- Amend Emirati legislation to include provisions against any current or future extradition or legal assistance agreements with Hong Kong and China. This is essential to protect Emiratis from China during the 6 months / 180 days period before termination takes effect.
- Issue travel warnings against Hong Kong and China, for the threat of so-called national security law being used against travellers.
- Join and sign our global joint Statement
Media
Emiratis have a right to know that there exists a mechanism in Emirati law that exposes Emiratis to being imminently targetted by China through its self-declared global jurisdiction under the so-called national security law.
- Investigate and report on the so-called national security law issue in Hong Kong.
- Investigate and report on the extradition agreement and legal assistance agreement.
Scholars and academia
The so-called national security law opens up important questions on international politics and legal scholarship. Research and reports that may be helpful:
- Validity and abuse of extraterritorial jurisdiction, centred around Art. 38
- International law and abuse of the cross-jurisdiction mutual assistance agreements
- Status and viability of the "One Country, Two Systems" framework
- Hong Kong as a case of systematic failed and hostile government
Say NO to China extradition.